 The Internet wave of the 1990s connected 1 billion users, and the mobile wave of the 2000s connected another 2 billion. But the IoT has the potential to connect as many 50 billion “things” to the Internet by 2020, ranging from bracelets to cars to houses. Fog computing, like many IT trends and advancements, grew out of the need to address certain major concerns:
Fog computing is defined by specific characteristics that make it a suitable platform for the IoT, including low latency and location awareness, widespread geographical distribution, mobility, its very large number of nodes, the predominant role of wireless access, the strong presence of streaming and real-time applications, and heterogeneity.
Fog computing places some transactions and resources at the edge of the cloud rather than establishing channels for cloud storage, processing and use. In so doing, it reduces the need for bandwidth by not sending every bit of information to the cloud, instead aggregating and processing data at certain access points. Using such a distributed strategy can lower costs and optimize resources.
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